The identification of appropriate gender-related measures is important for developing and evaluating interventions that aim to promote positive health outcomes by addressing the gender norms that function as barriers to health. A scale is a numerical score aggregating multiple indicators believed to reflect an underlying concept. Because there is no single "gold standard" for measuring gender norms, gender attitudes, women's empowerment, and other aspects of gender, researchers often use multiple measures. Using a single measure is not possible because gender operates in multiple spheres and has many facets. When a single measure is preferred, a scale combining several items creates a more valid measure than any single scale item used alone.

The scales included are:

• Couple Communication on Sex Scale
• Women's Empowerment Scale
• Gender Beliefs Scale
• Gender Equitable Men (GEM) Scale
• Gender Norm Attitudes Scale
• Gender Relations Scale
• Household Decision-Making Scale
• Sexual Relationship Power Scale